Improved cement foe walks, flooes, pavements



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J. S. BALDWIN AND E. N. GIBBS, OF ELMIRA, NEW YORK, AND W. H. JONES,

OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

Letters Patent No. 61,984, dated February 12, 1867.

IMPROVEDOEMENT FOR WALKS, FLOORS, PAVEMENTS, d56- fiitt saint reform itit flgta Eaters nan amt mating and at the fiitlltt.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that we,J. S. BALDWIN, of Elmira, in the county of Chemung,and State of New York, W. H. JONES, of Rochester, county of Monroe, andState aforesaid, and E. N. GIBBS, of Elmira, county and State aforesaid,have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cements for Walks, CellarBottoms, Barn Yards,

BarnFloors, Roads, Streets, &c.; and we do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full and exact description thereof. I The object of ourinvention is to produce a cement for walks, &c., which, while itpresents the desired hardness, still retains ,such a degrce ofelasticity and flexibility that it will not crack nor break by theaction of heat or cold. To this end, the coal tar which is employed (asin most cements of this kind) has combined with it a body of coal pitchfrom which the volatile elements have been removed, and also a mass ofsand, coke, or coal ashes, furnace cinders, or iron scales, androsendale cement, about in the proportions hereafter named.

The surface for the walk, yard, floor bottom, or street, is graded androlled preparatory for the application of the cement. For roads andstreets, a foundation of twelve inches of gravel or. stone is requiredOver this grade is equally spread a primary coating of coal tar andgravel, three inches thick more-or less, thoroughly mixed while in aheated state. It is now ready for the finishing coat. This is composedas follows: forty gallons coal tar; ten gallons coal pitch from whichthe volatile elements are removed. These are placed in'a kettle'orboiler and heated to the boiling state and thoroughly mixed. To form amass, take twenty bushels clear, coarse, sharp sand; ten bushels cok eor coal ashes; ten bushels furnace cinders or iron scales. Mix

thoroughly, and then heat so as to make the mass dry arid hot. Thecombined coal tar and pitch are now'applied to the mass while bothbodies are hot, and thoroughly mixed. Add two bushels of rosendalecement and mix.

The material is now ready to apply on top the primary coating. Itisspread equally over the surface, and a heavy roller is drawn repeatedlyover. it, to compress and level it, and, as this goes on, clear lake orsea-shore sand is added and rolled in tillthe surface becomes dry andhard. In ordinary cements, where coal tar is employed, granular solidsare generally used to produce the requisite hardness, buttheir effect isto render the concrete very brittle, and liable to fracture from cold,or from great pressure and violent action, since an undue proportion ofsuch solids must beused to harden the liquid. By combining the pitchwith the tar about in the proportions above indicated, the tendency isto hardenj but at the same time, as the substances are of asomewhatsimilar nature, and possess in a high degrce the elements of elasticityand yieldingness, their union insures the requisite degree offlexibility. The coal tar furnishes the necessary semi-liquid for theabsorption and adhesion of the other parts, while the pitch addsconsistency without brittleness, and renders the same fit for the mass.If the coal tar is rendered anhydrous at once, and the pitch not used,great friability will result. The use of sand adds body, while the ashesand scales give a degree of fineness that renders the surface smooth.The cement adds strength. The whole, combined with the body of coaltarand pitch, produces hardness with the desired degree of elasticity thatwill resist ordinary pressure and the action of heat and cold. Thismixture is such that the summer heat will not draw the tar to thesurface, and there is therefore no unpleasant odor as in ordinary cementwalks made from coal tar.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is

A cement formed by the combination of coal tar, coal pitch, sand, coke,or coal ashes, furnace cinders or iron scale, and rosendale cement,substantially in the proportions herein specified. l l

- J. s. BALDWIN,

WILLIAM H. JONES, EBER. N. GIBBS,

Witnesses W. T. Bnncunn, GEO. BE'EGHER, R. F. Oseoon, J. A. DAVIS.

